Particle counters

How does a particle counter work?

A particle counter typically works by drawing air or liquid through a sensing area using a pump or vacuum system. As the particles pass through the sensing region, they scatter light, and the scattered light is detected by a light sensor. The particle counter then converts the detected light signals into particle counts and sizes based on the amount of scattered light and the type of sensor used.

There are several types of sensors used in particle counters, including optical particle counters, which use light scattering to detect particles, and condensation particle counters, which use condensation or growth of particles to increase their size and make them detectable. The output of the particle counter is usually displayed on a screen, and the data can be stored for further analysis or downloaded to a computer. Particle counters are used in a variety of applications, including clean room monitoring, indoor air quality testing, water quality monitoring, and medical research.

What are the key features to consider when selecting a particle counter for air quality monitoring?

When selecting a particle counter for air quality monitoring, some of the key features to consider include:

1. Particle Size Range: Particle counters should be able to detect particles in the size range of interest for the application. For example, if monitoring indoor air quality, the counter should be able to detect particles as small as 0.3 microns, as these particles can easily penetrate into the lungs.
2. Flow Rate: The flow rate of the particle counter should be appropriate for the application. It should be able to sample a sufficient volume of air in a reasonable amount of time to obtain accurate results.
3. Sensitivity: The sensitivity of the particle counter should be high enough to detect the smallest particles of interest.
4. Accuracy: The particle counter should provide accurate measurements, with a low level of uncertainty, to ensure that the data collected is reliable.
5. Portability: Depending on the application, portability may be an important feature. A portable particle counter may be needed for monitoring air quality in different locations.
6. Data Storage and Connectivity: The particle counter should be able to store data and connect to a computer or mobile device for data analysis and management.
7. Battery Life: For portable particle counters, battery life is an important consideration. The counter should be able to run for a sufficient period of time without needing a recharge or replacement.
8. User-Friendliness: The particle counter should be easy to use, with an intuitive interface and simple operation.
9. Price: The cost of the particle counter should be considered, along with its features and performance, to ensure that it provides good value for money.

TSI Models

With a mission to provide trusted measurement, application guidance, and data analytics solutions, TSI is committed to helping its customers make informed decisions. The company’s vision of creating a better world by protecting people, products, and the environment speaks to its dedication to making a positive impact in the world. With TSI’s innovative products and focus on quality, we are confident that they are a valuable partner in our mission to protect what matters.

9303

The TSI AEROTRAK™ Model 9303 Handheld Particle Counter is a versatile, low-cost particle counter ideal for monitoring air quality. Its lightweight and rugged design makes it easy to use. An intuitive keypad allows users to easily configure the instrument and view up to three particle sizes simultaneously on the large 3.2″ display. The internal memory stores up to 1,500 sample records that can be reviewed on-screen or downloaded via USB. The Model 9303 complies with ISO 21501-4 and is calibrated with NIST-traceable PSL spheres using TSI’s Classifier and Condensation Particle Counters, the recognized standard for particle measurement. The user-selectable mid-size channel and removable Li-ion battery make it a flexible and convenient tool for monitoring particle contamination in a variety of applications.

9306

The TSI AEROTRAK™ Model 9306 Handheld Particle Counter is a versatile, easy-to-use instrument designed for monitoring particle contamination. Its ergonomic handle and 3.6-inch (9.1 cm) color touchscreen interface make it easy to operate with one hand. The Model 9306 can generate pass/fail reports for ISO 14644-1, EU GMP Annex 1, and FS209E. It measures up to six channels of data simultaneously and offers a variable binning option for the Model 9306-V2. With a flow rate of 0.1 CFM (2.83 L/min) and a size range of 0.3 to 25 µm, this particle counter meets the stringent requirements of ISO 21501-4. The instrument has a 10,000-sample, 250-spot memory that can be conveniently viewed on-screen, downloaded using TRAKPRO™ Lite software, or printed directly to an optional external printer. This particle counter is compatible with the TRAKPRO™ Lite and FMS 5 software packages, and an optional temperature/RH sensor is available.

9110

The TSI AeroTrak® Portable Particle Counter Model 9110 is a reliable and accurate instrument designed for cleanroom monitoring, process tool monitoring, and filter testing applications. With its patented HeNe laser technology, it can accurately measure particles down to 0.100 μm and meets all requirements of ISO 21501-4. This particle counter offers up to eight channels of simultaneous data, a flow rate of 1.0 CFM (28.3 L/min), and can store up to 10,000 samples. It also has built-in reports for ISO-14644-1, EU GMP Annex 1, and FS209E, external certification reports via TrakPro™ Lite Secure, and displays up to three environmental parameters. It also has a rugged stainless steel housing and integrates seamlessly with the M32-01 manifold.

9310

The TSI AeroTrak® Portable Particle Counter Model 9310 is a versatile and reliable product that provides accurate measurements of particles in the 0.3 to 25 μm size range. With up to six channels of simultaneous data and a flow rate of 1.0 CFM (28.3 L/min), this product is compatible with TSI’s accurate ventilation probes that measure air velocity/temperature/RH, providing a complete solution for certification needs. The product features an easy-to-use touch screen interface, on-board reports for ISO-14644-1, EU GMP Annex 1 and FS209E, external certification reports via TrakPro™ Lite Secure, and the ability to store and recall specific recipes and zone configurations. It can be integrated into a plant monitoring system or used as a stand-alone unit.

9350

The TSI AeroTrak® Model 9350 Portable Particle Counter provides a complete solution for certification needs. With a flow rate of 1.77 CFM and sensitivity of 0.3 μm, this product is compatible with TSI’s accurate air velocity/temperature/RH probes. The Model 9350 is lightweight and provides up to six channels of simultaneous data. Particle count data can be conveniently viewed on-screen, downloaded using TrakPro™ Lite Secure software, or printed directly to the built-in printer. It meets all requirements of ISO 21501-4 and allows specific recipes and zone configurations to be stored and recalled.

9500

The TSI AeroTrak® Model 9500 Portable Particle Counter is a versatile instrument with best-in-class features for performing ISO 14644-1 classifications and full EU GMP facility certifications. With a flow rate of 3.53 CFM (100 L/min) and a size range of 0.5 to 25 μm, it is the best choice for cleanroom filter testing. The Model 9500 is compatible with TSI’s accurate air velocity/temperature/RH probes and offers simple, icon-driven touch-screen operation. Particle count data can be conveniently viewed on-screen, downloaded using TrakPro™ Lite Secure software, or printed directly to the built-in printer. It also displays up to three environmental parameters and allows storage and recall of specific tests/recipes.

9510

The TSI AeroTrak® Model 9510 Portable Particle Counter is a versatile and reliable solution for certification needs. With a sensitivity of 0.5 μm and a flow rate of 1.0 CFM (28.3 L/min), it provides accurate measurements for particle counts in the 0.5 to 25 μm size range. The product is compatible with TSI’s accurate air velocity/temperature/RH probes, and particle count data can be viewed on-screen, downloaded using TrakPro™ Lite Secure software, or printed directly to the integrated printer. The product is designed with easy-to-use, icon-driven touch screen operation, built-in reports for ISO-14644-1, EU GMP Annex 1 and FS209E, and external certification reports via TrakPro™ Lite Secure. The Model 9510 allows storage and recall of specific recipes and zone configurations, and displays up to three environmental parameters. It comes with a stainless steel enclosure, is lightweight, and can be used as a stand-alone unit or integrated into a facility monitoring system.

9550

The TSI AeroTrak® Portable Particle Counter Model 9550 is a versatile, high-quality product that provides 0.5 μm sensitivity and 1.77 CFM (50 L/min) flow rate for your certification needs. It can store up to 250 zones, 999 locations, and 10,000 samples, and allows you to view particle count data on-screen, download it using TrakPro™ Lite Secure software, or print it directly to the built-in printer. With simple icon-driven touch screen operation, on-board reporting, and external certification reports via TrakPro Lite Secure, this product is an excellent choice for professionals who require accurate and reliable particle counting.

BioTrak 9510-BD

The BIOTRAK Real-Time Viable Particle Counter is a portable instrument that combines viable and total particle detection with integrated particle collection for off-line analysis. It uses patented Laser Induced Fluorescence technology to detect particle viability and provides up to six channels of simultaneous data. It features an intuitive touchscreen interface and recipe-based storage and recall of sample protocols. With ISO-14644-1, EU GMP Annex 1 and FS209E reports, this particle counter is ideal for clean room certification, on-line monitoring, process improvement and more.

How do liquid particle counters differ from air particle counters in terms of their design and operation?

Particle counters are designed to measure the number and size distribution of particles in a sample, whether liquid or air. However, there are some key differences in the design and operation of liquid particle counters versus air particle counters.

In terms of design, liquid particle counters are typically larger and more complex than air particle counters due to the need for a liquid handling system. Liquid samples are typically delivered to the particle counter through tubing and a pumping system, which requires additional components such as valves, filters, and flow meters. In contrast, air particle counters are generally smaller and simpler, with a single inlet and no need for a liquid handling system.

In terms of operation, both liquid and air particle counters use a similar detection principle, in which the sample is passed through a sensing zone and particles are detected by light scattering or fluorescence. However, liquid particle counters require more careful sample preparation to ensure accurate results. Liquid samples must be properly prepared and diluted to avoid particle agglomeration, which can cause inaccuracies in size distribution measurements. In addition, liquid particle counters typically require a longer measurement time than air particle counters due to the slower flow rate of the sample through the measurement zone.

What are the most common applications of particle counters in industrial settings?

Particle counters are commonly used in industrial environments for a variety of applications, including:

• Cleanroom monitoring: Particle counters are used to monitor the cleanliness of air in cleanrooms to ensure that it meets the required ISO or Federal Standard classification. They are used to verify the effectiveness of air filtration systems, detect and locate sources of contamination, and validate the performance of cleanroom equipment and procedures.

• Environmental Monitoring: Particle counters are used to monitor air quality and detect airborne contaminants such as dust, smoke, and allergens. They are used in industrial hygiene, occupational health, and safety programs to ensure regulatory compliance and protect workers from exposure to harmful airborne contaminants.

• Pharmaceutical manufacturing: Particle counters are used in pharmaceutical manufacturing to ensure that the air, water, and surfaces in production areas are free of contamination. They are used to monitor the cleanliness of critical environments, such as sterile fill areas, and to validate the effectiveness of cleaning and sanitizing procedures.

• Semiconductor manufacturing: Particle counters are used in semiconductor manufacturing to ensure that the air and surfaces in cleanrooms are free of contamination. They are used to monitor and control particle levels in the manufacturing process to ensure the production of high quality products.
• Aerospace industry: Particle counters are used in the aerospace industry to monitor the cleanliness of the air in aircraft cabins and in the manufacture of components such as engines and turbines. They are used to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and to validate the effectiveness of air filtration systems.

How do particle counters help ensure compliance with clean room standards and regulations?

Particle counters play a critical role in ensuring compliance with cleanroom standards and regulations. By measuring and monitoring airborne particles in a cleanroom environment, particle counters help ensure that the room is within specified particle limits. They can detect and identify particles of different sizes and types, providing valuable information about the cleanliness of the room.

In addition, particle counters can help identify potential sources of contamination and trace the cause of contamination events. By analyzing particle count data over time, trends can be identified and corrective action can be taken to prevent future contamination. This proactive approach to cleanroom management helps ensure that the cleanroom remains in compliance with cleanroom standards and regulations.

What types of particles can be detected and measured using a particle counter?

A particle counter is an instrument used to detect and measure the concentration of particles in a given sample. The types of particles that can be detected and measured by a particle counter vary depending on the type of instrument and its specifications. In general, however, particle counters can detect and measure particles of various types and sizes, including

• Airborne particles: Particle counters can detect and measure airborne particles such as dust, pollen, mold spores, and other particulate matter.
• Liquid-borne particles: Particle counters can also detect and measure particles in liquids, such as contaminants in water or fluids used in manufacturing processes.
• Biological particles: Particle counters can detect and measure biological particles such as bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms.
• Nanoparticles: Some particle counters can detect and measure nanoparticles, which are particles with a size range of 1-100 nanometers.
• Aerosol particles: Particle counters can detect and measure aerosol particles, which are particles suspended in air or gas, such as smoke or exhaust.

The specific types of particles that can be detected and measured by a particle counter depend on the technology used by the instrument and its specifications, such as particle size range, sensitivity, and detection limit.

What are the advantages and limitations of portable particle counters compared to benchtop models?

Portable particle counters and benchtop models are both commonly used for particle counting and measurement. Each type of instrument has its own advantages and limitations, which are described below:

Advantages of Portable Particle Counters:

• Portability: Portable particle counters are designed to be lightweight and easy to carry, making them ideal for on-site particle monitoring and inspection.
• Fast results: Portable particle counters typically provide faster results than benchtop models, allowing real-time monitoring of particle levels.
• Lower cost: Portable particle counters are generally less expensive than benchtop models, making them a more cost-effective option for many applications.
• Battery powered: Portable particle counters are often battery-powered, making them easy to use in areas without access to electrical outlets.

Limitations of Portable Particle Counters:

• Limited particle size range: Portable particle counters typically have a narrower range of particle sizes they can detect compared to benchtop models, limiting their accuracy in some applications.
• Lower accuracy: Portable particle counters may have lower accuracy than benchtop models due to their smaller size and simpler design.
• Limited sample volume: Portable particle counters are generally designed to measure smaller sample volumes than benchtop models, which may result in less representative results.

Advantages of Benchtop Particle Counters:

• High accuracy: Benchtop particle counters typically have higher accuracy than portable models, making them suitable for more demanding applications.
• Larger particle size range: Benchtop particle counters can often detect a wider range of particle sizes than portable models, allowing for more comprehensive particle analysis.
• Larger sample volume: Benchtop particle counters are designed to measure larger sample volumes, providing more representative results.
• Multiple sample locations: Benchtop particle counters can be used to monitor particle levels at multiple sample locations simultaneously.

Limitations of Benchtop Particle Counters:

• Larger size: Benchtop particle counters are typically larger and heavier than portable models, making them less portable and more difficult to transport.
• Higher cost: Benchtop particle counters are generally more expensive than portable models, making them a less cost-effective option for some applications.
• Longer measurement time: Benchtop particle counters typically take longer to provide results than portable models, which can limit their usefulness for real-time monitoring.

How do particle counting methods differ between clean room and outdoor air monitoring applications?

Particle counting methods differ between clean room and outdoor air monitoring applications due to the different particle size ranges and concentrations typically found in each environment.

Clean Room Air Monitoring:

Cleanrooms are designed to maintain a controlled environment with low levels of particles and contaminants. Therefore, particle counting methods used in clean room air monitoring are typically designed to detect and measure particles in the 0.1 to 5 micron size range, which are the most critical particle sizes for contamination control in clean room environments. The following are some common particle counting methods used for cleanroom air monitoring:

• Light Scattering: This method uses a laser to scatter light from particles in the air, and the scattered light is detected and analyzed to determine the number and size of particles present.
• Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC): This method measures the number of particles in the air by counting the number of condensation nuclei that form on particles in the air.
• Optical Microscopy: This method involves collecting air samples on a filter and then analyzing the filter under a microscope to count and identify particles.

Clean outdoor air monitoring:

Clean outdoor air monitoring is typically performed in areas with low levels of pollution, such as rural or remote areas, and the particle counting methods used are typically designed to detect and measure particles in a wider range of sizes than those used for clean room air monitoring. The following are some common particle counting methods used for outdoor clean air monitoring:

• Laser spectroscopy: This method uses laser light to measure the scattering or absorption of light by particles in the air to determine the number and size of particles present. This method can detect particles in the size range of 0.1 to 10 microns, which is larger than the range typically measured in cleanroom air monitoring.
• Gravimetric analysis: This method involves collecting air samples on a filter and then weighing the filter before and after sampling to determine the mass concentration of particles in the air. This method can detect particles in a wide range of sizes, including both coarse and fine particles.
• Beta Attenuation: This method measures the mass concentration of particles in the air by using beta radiation to measure the attenuation of particles passing through a filter. This method is particularly useful for detecting fine particles in the size range of 0.1 to 2.5 micrometers.

In conclusion, the particle counting methods used in clean room air monitoring and outdoor clean air monitoring applications differ due to the different particle size ranges and concentrations typically found in each environment. Cleanroom air monitoring methods are designed to detect and measure particles in the 0.1 to 5 micron size range, while outdoor clean air monitoring methods must be able to detect and measure a wider range of particle sizes.

What are the key factors that affect the accuracy and precision of particle counting measurements?

The accuracy and precision of particle count measurements can be affected by a number of factors, including

• Sampling frequency and duration: The frequency and duration of sampling can affect the accuracy and precision of particle count measurements. Sampling over a longer period of time can improve accuracy, while increasing the frequency of sampling can improve precision.
• Instrument calibration: Proper calibration of particle counting instruments is critical for accurate and precise measurements. Calibration should be performed regularly according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Particle size distribution: The particle size distribution of the sample can affect the accuracy and precision of measurements. Some particle counters are better at detecting certain particle sizes than others.
• Sample Handling and Preparation: Proper sample handling and preparation is essential for accurate and precise measurements. Samples should be handled carefully to avoid contamination and prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Environmental factors: Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure can affect particle count measurements. Particle counters should be operated within their specified environmental range.
• Instrument Variability: Variability in instrument performance can affect the accuracy and precision of particle count measurements. This can be reduced by using standardized procedures and properly maintained instruments.
• User expertise: User expertise can affect the accuracy and precision of particle count measurements. Users should be properly trained in instrument use and data interpretation.

In conclusion, to obtain accurate and precise particle count measurements, it is important to consider and control these factors during sampling, instrument use, and data analysis.

How can particle counters be used to troubleshoot and diagnose problems in HVAC systems and other air handling equipment?

Particle counters can be used to troubleshoot and diagnose problems in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems and other air handling equipment by measuring the number and size of particles in the air, which can provide valuable information about the health of the system. Here are some examples of how particle counters can be used:

• Filter efficiency testing: Particle counters can be used to test the efficiency of filters in HVAC systems by measuring the number and size of particles before and after they pass through the filter. This can help to determine if the filter needs to be replaced or if there are leaks in the system.
• Assessing indoor air quality: Particle counters can be used to assess indoor air quality in buildings by measuring the number and size of particles in the air. This can help determine if there are problems with ventilation, air exchange rates, or air contamination.
• Duct leak detection: Particle counters can be used to detect leaks in air ducts by measuring the number and size of particles in the air at various points in the system. This can help determine if there are areas where air is escaping, which can reduce the efficiency of the system.
• HVAC maintenance: Particle counters can be used during regular maintenance of HVAC systems to identify areas that need cleaning or repair. By measuring the number and size of particles in the air, technicians can identify areas where dust or debris has accumulated and may be affecting system performance.

In general, particle counters can be a valuable tool for troubleshooting and diagnosing problems in HVAC systems and other air handling equipment. By measuring the number and size of particles in the air, particle counters can provide valuable information about the efficiency and performance of these systems, helping to ensure optimal performance and indoor air quality.